Worksheet - Movie Screening of Waiting For Godot

 This blog is response to an assigned blog by Dr. Dilip Barad sir on Waiting for Godot by  Samule Beckett.

          Waiting for Godot 

Samule Beckett 

Samule Barclay Beckett was an lrish novelist, playwright, Short story writer, theatre director, poet, and literary translator. He wrote in both French and English.  Beckett was awarded the 1969 Nobel Prize in literature. 

Waiting For Godot

 Waiting For Godot  is  a play in which  two character, Vladimir and Estragon.  two tramps wait for a man named Godot, but instead meet a pompous man and his stooped - over slave. this play is Beckett's translation of his own original French language play, En attendant Godot, and is subtitled  "a tragicomedy in two acts."  There is only one scene both acts. Two man are waiting on a country road by a tree.This play show the meaningless of life, absurdity and boredom in peoples lives. 

This play is considered among the three greatest plays  with Hamlet, Oedipus Rex. The play is read from various points of view, Existentialism, religion, political, Deconstructive, psychoanalytical. 

we are discuss some question 

In both Acts, evening falls into night and moon rises. How would you like to interpret this 'coming of night and moon' when actually they are Waiting for Godot.

Beckett wants to highlight the indifference nature. As nature never waits for anyone. Natural process of environment was never stop.  Similarly in this play Vladimir and Estragon Waiting for Godot. Night and Moon both signifies as death and hope. Both scene ends with rising of moon. night symbolized as darkness of hope.  Vladimir and Estragon are whole day waiting for  Godot but he was never comes. 

The director feels the setting with some debris. Can you read any meaning in the contours of debris in the setting of the play? 

 The play is written around second world war so we can see the effect of  world war.  Debris  represent of destroyed  material world of human. But in Michael Lindsay Hogg  movie  debris read many view. This move is released in 2001.  This debris was remember many more incident like earthquake, war. In our today time Russia and Ukraine war. Debris also shows nothing is permanent in this world,  meaningless of the materia world,  meaninglessness of life, nothingness of life.

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Long Day's Journey into Night

 This blog is related to our thinking activity allotted by  Yesha Ma'am. This blog is about  Long Day's Journey Into Night play by Eugene O'Neill.

    Long Day's Journey Into Night

Long Day's Journey Into Night is a play in four acts written by American playwright Eugene O'Neill in 1939 -41,  first published posthumously in 1956. The play is widely considered  to be his magnum opus and one of the finest  American plays of the 20th century. The play setting was The Summer home of the Tyrone's,  August 1912. The play, which is considered an American masterpiece, was awarded a Pulitzer Prize in 1957.

  Eugene O'Neill

Eugene O'Neill was an American playwright and Nobel laureate in literature. He was a famed playwright and his masterpiece, Long Day's Journey into Night,  is at the apex of a long string of great play, including beyond the Horizon (1920), Anna Christie (1922), Strange interlude (1928),  Ah! Wilderness (1933) and The Iceman Cometh (1946). 

Long Day's Journey into Night  'Written in Tears and Blood' 

O'Neill  completed the semi- autobiographical play in 1942 but  instructed that it not be published until 25 years after his death.   The play  portrays one day in the life of the dysfunctional lrish - American Tyrone family on a summer's day in 1912 at their cottage in New London.   Mary Tyrone is a morphine addict; her aging actor husband  James and their two sons, Jamie and Edmund are alcoholics

 Conflict between the family members- and their individual and collective despair - intensifies as the day goes on, culminating in a wrenching final scene.  

O'Neill dedicated the autobiographical work to Carlotta in honor of their 12th wedding anniversary, describing it in his dedication as a "play of old sorrow, written in tears and blood." 

Theme of Addiction in Long Day's Journey Into Night 

Morphine and Alcohol 

 The plot of long day's journey into night focuses on a dysfunctional family trying to come to grips with its ambivalent emotions in the face of serious familial problems, including drug addiction, deep rooted fear and guilt. 

Mary 's  morphine addiction is balanced by the men's alcoholism.  She is on morphine in each scene of the play, and her use increases steadily as the day wears on. Although she loves Tyrone, she often times regrets marrying him because of the dreams she had to sacrifice of becoming a nun or a concert pianist.

I. A. Richards : Verbal Analysis

Verbal Analysis 

This blog is  response to an  assigned blog by Dr. Dilip Barad sir, on I.A. Richards: Verbal     Analysis. click here  

Lvor Armstrong Richards 26 February 1893- 7 September 1979, known as I.A.Richards, was an English educator, literary critic, and rhetorician. His work contributed to the foundations of the new criticism. A formalist movement in literary theory which emphasized the close reading of a literary text, especially poetry, in an effort to discover how a work of literature functions as a self - contained and self - referential aesthetic object.

Four Kinds of Meaning

According to I.A.Richard, words carry four kinds of meaning or to be more precise, the total meaning of a word depends upon four factors.

1. Senses 

Sense is what is said, or the 'items' referred to by a writer.

2. Feeling 

feeling refers to emotions, emotional attitudes, will, desire, pleasure, displeasure and the rest.

3. Tone 

Tone is the writer's attitude to his readers or audience. The use  of language is determined by the  writer's recognition of his relation  to his readers.

4. Intention

Intention is the writer's aim, which may be conscious or unconscious. It refers to the effect that he tries to produce. 

poem : Kashmir By Virendra Mishra 

जहाँ बफॅ की राजकुमारी खोयी है स्वर-लहरी में 

चलो चले फूलो की घाटी में, नावों की नगरी में 

सन सन सन सन सनन सनन, गाता फिरता गीत पवन

उड़ते हैं  पंछी सैलानी, खिलता  शालीमार  चमन

भ्रमर बजाते शहनाई,  किरनो  की मालिन  आई

झील किनारे  वह डलिया भर धूप बिखेरे  बजरी में 

जंगल-जंगल  होड लगी है  तितली और टिटिहरी  है

कभी हवा आ जाती है, नयी गजल गा जाती है

तब मखमली गलीचो पर कुछ मस्ती- सी छा जाती है

मौसम कभी बदलता है, सपना कभी मचलता है

चरवाहे की वंशी छिड़ती, नील गगन की छतरी में 

पलछिन किसी बहाने से, गुजरे हुए जमाने से

बस्ती करती बात जहां है, दुर खड़े  वीराने से 

चश्मे जहां  हिमानी  है, फूल जहां  रुमानी  हैं 

हिल - हितकर कहते पतो से चाँद छुपा है बदली में 

जल में खिली रुबाइयॉ,  बजरो  की अंगड़ाइयाँ 

चले शिकारे, संग में चल दीं बागों की परछाइयां 

प्रेम कथाएं  विलहण की, कौन कहे गाथा मन की 

झेलम सोयी तारोंवाले नभ की नील मसहरी में 

'अमरनाथ ' की राहों में  'शेषनाग' की बाहों में 

पश्चिमना  ध्वज फहर रहा है देवदारु की छाहो में 

मन जिसका गंभीर है, वह अपना कश्मीर है

दाग लगे ना देखो भारत की बर्फीली पगड़ी  में 

चलो चले फूलो की घाटी में, नावो की नगरी में!

 

Verbal Analysis of poem 

इस कविता में कवि ने कश्मीर के सौंदर्य का वणॅन  किआ है।  जिस में कवि ने कश्मीर  को बर्फ की राजकुमारी और नाव  की नगरी कह कर संबोधित किया है।  कवि ने सरल भाषा का प्रयोग किया है लेकिन कुछ शब्द  फारसी और उर्दू के भी इस्तेमाल  किए हुए है जेसै की गजल उर्दू  शब्द है।  रूमानी शब्द का प्रयोग किया है जो फारसी और अरबी शब्द है।  

कवि ने कश्मीर मे स्थित शालीमार  बाग का भी निर्देश किया है। जो मुगल बादशाह जहांगीर  के इतिहास की याद दिलाता है।  भ्रम के आवाज को शहनाई  के आवाज जैसे कवि ने बताए है।  कश्मीर कि सौंदर्य का वणॅन करते हुए कवि कही प्रकार के रूप को का प्रयोग करते है।  जैसे  ' डलिया' , 'मखमली गलीचा', 'शेषनाग' इत्यादी।  कवि ने मखमली  गलिचा के रूप का प्रयोग कर  कश्मीर के घास उगे हुए जगह का वणॅन किआ है।  

 

कवि अपनी अगली पंक्ति मे  'रुबाइयॉ ' शब्द का प्रयोग करते है।  रुबाइयॉ शब्द ऐ काव्य का एक प्रकार है।   कवि विलहण का उल्लेख किया गया है।  जो  कश्मीर के सुप्रसिद्ध कवि थे।   कवि ऐ पशमीना  तथा देवदारू वृक्ष का वणॅन किआ है।  कवि कश्मीर  को भारत कि बर्फीली  पगड़ी कहा है।    

 Thank you 

Theory of Archetypes

 Northrop Frye : The Archetypes of Literature 

This blog is response to the blog task based on Archetypal Criticism allotted by Dr. Dilip Barad sir.  This blog is part of our thinking activity. I am discussing some questions about Archetypes criticism in my blog.  Dilip Barad sir blog

Northrop Frye:

Northrop Frye, in full Herman Northrop Frye, (born July 14, 1912 -died Jan. 23, 1991), Canadian educator and literary critic who wrote much on Canadian literature and culture and became best known as one of the most important literary theorists of the 20th century.

Archetypal criticism peaked in popularity in the 1940s and 1950s, largely due to the work of Canadian literary critic Northrop Frye (1912-1991). Archetypal literary criticism is a type of analytical theory that interprets a text by focusing on recurring myths, and archetypes in the narrative, symbols, image and character types in literary works.

What is Archetypes criticism?

 Archetype, in literary criticism, a primordial image, character, or pattern of circumstances that recurs throughout literature and thought consistently enough to be considered a universal concept or situation.

The term was adopted and popularized by literary critics from the writings of the psychologist Carl Jung, who formulated a theory of a “collective unconscious.” For Jung, the varieties of human experience have somehow been genetically coded and transferred to successive generations. These primordial image patterns and situations evoke startlingly similar feelings in both reader and author. The Canadian literary critic and theorist Northrop Frye was influential in extending the use of the term archetype to specifically literary contexts. Archetypal criticism has been connected with another group of thinkers more closely allied to its Jungian roots, including Maud Bodkin and James Hillman. 

Northrop Frye proposed the idea that the main appeal of literature was its connection to primitive story formulas. He claimed literature is a kind of displaced mythology that constantly reverts to the same patterns that we see in Ancient myths.

What does the archetypal critic do?

In literature, characters, images, and themes that symbolically embody universal meanings and basic human experiences, regardless of when or where they live, are considered archetypes. Situations that occur over and over in different versions of the story.

An archetypal critic tries to analyze a pattern in symbols, myth, ritual or stories in literary works to identify the specific pattern.

What is Frye trying to prove by giving an analogy of ' Physics to Nature' and 'Criticism to Literature'?

Northrop Frye compares both the things ,"Physics to nature" and "Criticism to literature". Physics is an organized body of knowledge about nature, Physics is a systematic​ study of nature. In the study of physics it's not only about nature,but similarly criticism is the study of literature. we can't study literature because it is a by product and we can only criticize or study it to learn it.

Share your views of Criticism as an organised body of knowledge. Mention relation of literature with history and philosophy?

 As per my view, Archetypal Criticism is based on philosophy and history of people.Literature includes history as well as philosophy to convey it's meaning so it's  displays events and ideas.. we Know that literature is center in division of humanities and in framework to history and philosophy. So, literature used knowledge of past by use of ideas and create literature.

 Briefly explain inductive method with illustration of Shakespeare's Hamlet's Grave Digger's scene?

 Inductive Method is based on observation like Seeing is Believing. "Hamlet's" grave digging scene is the best example of Inductive Method. It's demonstrate the philosophy of life,the philosophy of life and death revealed by grave diggers.That all humans are mortal so everyone should die at once.

 Briefly explain deductive method with reference to an analogy to Music, Painting, rhythm and pattern. Give examples of the outcome of deductive method?

Frye has used inductive and deductive methodology in Archetypal criticism. Deductive method means,"General to Particular." when we talk about the arts like music or painting.Music has rythm and painting have pattern.We may not understands music at once but we may understand painting at once. Literature seems to be remediate between music and painting. 

Refer to the Indian seasonal grid (below). If you can, please read small Gujarati or Hindi or English poem from the archetypal approach and apply Indian seasonal grid in the interpretation.

Summer comes

in a blaze of heat

with sunny smiles

and dusty feet

Then seasons change

to muddy roads

monsoons and mangoes

leapfrogs and toads

Spring is pretty

but short and sweet

when you can smell the grass

from your garden seat

Autumn is English

in red, yellow and brown

Autumn is Indian

whenever leaves fall down

This is Indian seasonal english poem.

Thank you for visit.

THE GREAT GATSBY

The Great Gatsby - By F. Scott Fitzgerald

This blog is part of our thinking activity. This activity given by Dr. Dilip Barad. This blog based on the movie screening of  'The Great Gatsby' novel. You know more about this blog click this link   https://blog.dilipbarad.com/2021/06/great-gatsby.html

 The Great Gatsby 

The Great Gatsby, third Novel by F.Scott Fitzgerald, published in 1925 by Charles Scribner's Sons. Set in Jazz Age New York, the novel tells the tragic story of Jay Gatsby, a self- made millionaire, and his pursuit of Daisy Buchanan, a wealthy young woman whom he loved in his youth. Unsuccessful upon publication, the book is now considered a classic of American fiction and has often been called the Great American novel. 

The reason why this novel is so popular is because it has an excellent book cover - Celestial Eyes, which was designed by Francis cugat's  and has been continuously used for almost a century.  In the cover of  The Great Gatsby,  Cugat uses a lot of dark blue color as the background, which can jump into people's eyes. Cugat  named this painting Celestial Eyes is in order to reflect his idea of this rapidly  changing world. The founder of Smashwords, Mark Coker once said in an interview: 

       

         " Our brains are wired to process images faster than words. when we see an image, it makes us feel something. A great cover can help the reader instantly recognize that this  book is for them." 

The Great Gatsby (2013 film)

The Great Gatsby is a 2013 historical romantic drama film based on F. Scott Fitzgerald 1925 novel. The film was directed by Baz Luhrmann. The film follows the life and times of millionaire Jay Gatsby and his neighbor Nick Carraway, who recounts his encounter with Gatsby at the height of the Roaring Twenties on Long Island.

Movie has used modern narration techniques but has certain  loopholes in it compared to the novel. Watching this movie gives the best scenario of 20th century America and its culture.  Now less US discuss some questions with reference to the screening of film 

How did the film capture the Jazz Age- the Roaring Twenties of the American in 1920s? 

The Jazz Age was a period in the 1920 and 1930 in which jazz music and dance styles rapidly gained nationwide popularity  in the United States. The Jazz Age's cultural repercussions were primarily felt in the United States, the birthplace of jazz. Fitzgerald explores the major developments of the Roaring Twenties, including the birth of jazz, the women's suffrage movement, economic prosperity, and the rapid growth of Manhattan as a cosmopolitan city.

Fitzgerald has explored Jazz Age greatly in the novel. Baz Luhrman's  movie has very faithfully captured  Jazz Age / Music. From the beginning of the movie we do find the loud music which lightly indicates the madness of  the Jazz in that period.